Water in tunnels represents a challenge in any geological condition. When dealing with cohesive
material, this aspect might bring additional problems linked to the low permeability, which does 
not allow effective and quick drainage to stabilize the ground around the tunnel. Ordinary draina-
ge systems are an effective method, especially in higher permeability grounds, but these are losing 
efficacy in soft clays. This paper focuses on an innovative technique for stabilizing the tunnel face 
and surrounding ground by using a special soil nail consisting of a fiberglass bar element and an 
external sheath devised to contain the injected grout, which can also be integrated with a coaxial 
drain. The advantage of this technique is not only a decrease in the pore water pressure but also an 
increase of cohesion and elastic modulus over time thanks to the induced consolidation process of 
the clay and a consequent improvement of the mechanical characteristics. Water in tunnels represents a challenge in any geological condition. When dealing with cohesive
material, this aspect might bring additional problems linked to the low permeability, which does 
not allow effective and quick drainage to stabilize the ground around the tunnel. Ordinary draina-
ge systems are an effective method, especially in higher permeability grounds, but these are losing 
efficacy in soft clays. This paper focuses on an innovative technique for stabilizing the tunnel face 
and surrounding ground by using a special soil nail consisting of a fiberglass bar element and an 
external sheath devised to contain the injected grout, which can also be integrated with a coaxial 
drain. The advantage of this technique is not only a decrease in the pore water pressure but also an 
increase of cohesion and elastic modulus over time thanks to the induced consolidation process of 
the clay and a consequent improvement of the mechanical characteristics.

ISSN 1121-9041

CiteScore:
2020: 3.8
CiteScore measures the average citations received per peer-reviewed document published in this title.
CiteScore values are based on citation counts in a range of four years (e.g. 2016-2019) to peer-reviewed documents (articles, reviews, conference papers, data papers and book chapters) published in the same four calendar years, divided by the number of these documents in these same four years (e.g. 2016 —19).
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP):
2019: 1.307
SNIP measures contextual citation impact by weighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field.
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)
2019: o.657
SJR is a prestige metric based on the idea that not all citations are the same. SJR uses a similar algorithm as the Google page rank; it provides a quantitative and a qualitative measure of the journal's impact.
Journal Metrics: CiteScore: 1.0 , Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP): 0.381 SCImago Journal Rank (SJR): 0.163

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