Solar radiation weathering of the Pietraforte sandstone outcrops as assessed by the Schmidt Hammer values in Tuscany and Latium (Central Italy)
A previous article relating to a series of outcrops of an Oligocene sandstone (Macigno) located in Tuscany along a N-NW S-SE band, illustrated that the compression strength values measu-red with the Schmidt Hammer gradually decreased from north to south. This study applies the same criteria and methods to the outcrops of another sandstone (Pietraforte = Strong Stone) belonging to the geological formation of the Super Gruppo della Calvana from the Cretace-ous-Eocene age. The results reveal a similar trend for the outcrops between Poppi (lat. 43°45’) and Radda (lat. 43°29’), while the southernmost part (from Radda to Santa Marinella (lat. 42°02’, Rome) shows an initial process of case hardening, which toughens the rock due to the presence of hydroxides-oxides of Fe / Mn, and neogenic clay, and that can be attributed to the action of solar radiation. This facilitates the disintegration of the poly-minerals rock in the nor-thern areas, while the ones located in the south, through the dehydration and oxidation of the hydroxides of Fe / Mn, the precipitation of carbonates and the incorporation of colloidal silica, determines significant hardening, especially on the surface levels.
A previous article relating to a series of outcrops of an Oligocene sandstone (Macigno) located in Tuscany along a N-NW S-SE band, illustrated that the compression strength values measu-red with the Schmidt Hammer gradually decreased from north to south. This study applies the same criteria and methods to the outcrops of another sandstone (Pietraforte = Strong Stone) belonging to the geological formation of the Super Gruppo della Calvana from the Cretace-ous-Eocene age. The results reveal a similar trend for the outcrops between Poppi (lat. 43°45’) and Radda (lat. 43°29’), while the southernmost part (from Radda to Santa Marinella (lat. 42°02’, Rome) shows an initial process of case hardening, which toughens the rock due to the presence of hydroxides-oxides of Fe / Mn, and neogenic clay, and that can be attributed to the action of solar radiation. This facilitates the disintegration of the poly-minerals rock in the nor-thern areas, while the ones located in the south, through the dehydration and oxidation of the hydroxides of Fe / Mn, the precipitation of carbonates and the incorporation of colloidal silica, determines significant hardening, especially on the surface levels.
CiteScore: 2020: 3.8 CiteScore measures the average citations received per peer-reviewed document published in this title. CiteScore values are based on citation counts in a range of four years (e.g. 2016-2019) to peer-reviewed documents (articles, reviews, conference papers, data papers and book chapters) published in the same four calendar years, divided by the number of these documents in these same four years (e.g. 2016 —19).
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CiteScore: 1.0
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Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP): 0.381
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR): 0.163